<석사학위논문>
흙건축 재료 및 공법 이해를 위한 교육프로그램 개발
A development of educational program for understanding of earth architecture materials and method
저자: 이예진
발행: 목포대학교 대학원 건축학과
발행년도: 2015년 2월
목차
ABSTRACT
제1장 서 론 ·····································································································1
제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 ··········································································1
제2절 연구의 방법 및 절차 ············································································3
제2장 이론적 고찰 ·····························································································5
제1절 카라자스 실험 ······················································································5
제2절 개선점 분석 및 방향설정 ··································································8
1.개선점 분석 ···························································································8
2.방향설정 ·································································································9
3.흙재료와 최밀충전 ·············································································11
4.흙건축 5대공법 ···················································································13
제3장 재료 및 공법 이해를 위한 교육프로그램 개발·······························15
제1절 개요 및 구성 ······················································································15
제2절 기본이해 단계 ··················································································16
1.시각적 방법 ·························································································16
(1)다양한 크기의 입자를 이용한 공극 채움·····································16
(2)자갈에 모래를 채우는 과정을 통한 공극 채움···························17
(3)공극 채움을 통한 부피감소·····························································17
(4)물에 의한 모래 입자의 응집···························································18
2.정량적 방법 ·························································································20
(1)입자간격에 의한 인발력 시험·························································20
(2)보강재 첨가에 따른 강도 증진 시험·············································21
제3절 적용단계 ····························································································23
1.재료부분 ·······························································································23
(1)최밀충전 시험·····················································································23
2.공법부분 ·······························································································26
(1)낙하시험·······························································································26
(2)5대공법 시험·······················································································28
제4장 적용 및 분석 ··························································································33
제1절 개요 및 구성 ······················································································33
제2절 기본이해 단계 ····················································································35
1.적용 ·······································································································35
2.분석 ·······································································································36
제3절 적용 단계 ····························································································37
1.재료부분 -최밀충전 시험 ·······························································37
(1)1차 적용 (2012년 8월 여름 워크숍)··········································37
(2)2차 적용 (2013년 8월 흙집 짓기 과정2)····································39
(3)3차 적용 (2014년 8월 여름 워크숍)············································42
2.공법부분 -5대공법 시험 ·································································45
(1)1차 적용 (2012년 8월 여름 워크숍)··········································45
(2)2차 적용 (2013년 5월 흙집 짓기 과정1)····································50
(3)3차 적용 (2014년 8월 여름 워크숍)············································55
제4절 제안 ······································································································61
1.기본이해 단계 ·····················································································61
2.적용 단계 ·····························································································62
제5장 결 론 ····································································································64
참고문헌 ··············································································································67
국문초록 ··············································································································68
<국문초록>
스스로 흙을 사용하여 집을 지어보려는 시도들이 증가하면서 흙건축을 전문적으로 배우고자하는 사람들을 위해, 단순히 흙집을 짓기 위한 기술보급으로서의 교육이 아닌 흙을 정확히 이해하고 적용할 수 있는 흙건축 교육 프로그램이 필요하였다. 이를 위해 기존 교육프로그램인 카라자스 실험을 연구하여 개선사항을 분석하였다. 이에 흙 재료 이해가 가능하고,공법에 적용할 수 있는 새로운 교육프로그램을 개발하고자 한다.
흙건축 재료 및 공법 이해 교육프로그램은 기본이해 단계와 적용단계로 나누어 구성하였다. 이를 (사)한국흙건축연구회와 유네스코 석좌프로그램 한국흙건 축학교에서 진행하는 교육에 적용한 후 문제점을 분석하여 수정‧보완하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 흙건축 재료 및 공법을 이해할 수 있는 교육프로그램 을 제안하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다.
기존에 진행된 카라자스 실험은 흙의 재료적 특성 및 물성을 확인할 수 있는 전문화된 통합교육프로그램으로 일반인이 이해하기에는 어려움이 있었다. 이에 재료 및 공법을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 기본이해 단계와 적용단계로 나누어 교육내용을 분리하였다. 기본이해 단계는 시각적 방법과 정량적 방법으로 분류하여 구성하였으며, 흙의 재료적 특성인 최밀충전의 원리를 감각적으로 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하였다.
적용단계는 재료부분과 공법부분으로 나누어 구성하였다. 재료부분은 최밀충전시험을 통해 흙과 모래를 혼합하였을 때 가장 무거운 무게의 배합을 찾는 방법으로 흙의 최적배합을 찾을 수 있도록 하였다.
공법부분은 낙하시험과 5대공법 시험을 통해 각 공법의 적정함수량을 찾고, 공법에 맞는 적절한 시공법으로 교육생 스스로 시험체를 제작하였다. 이에 5대 공법을 익히고,스스로 현장에 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 5대공법 시험은 기본시공법을 정확히 익히고 숙지할 수 있는 기본형과 다양한 공법을 경험해볼 수 있는 확장형으로 제안하였다. 이에 교육의 성격이나 교육생의 요구에 맞게 프로그램을 가변적으로 진행할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 실험을 통해 흙 집을 지을 때 필요한 균열방지법, 강도 발현법, 물에 대한 저항성을 높이는 방법을 교육함으로써 교육생의 현장적용능력 향상이 기대된다.
본 연구를 통해 흙집을 짓고자 하는 사람들이 흙 재료 특성을 정확히 이해하고, 이를 흙건축 5대공법에 적용함으로써 스스로 흙건축의 다양한 표현법을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 또한 흙 재료에 대한 올바른 이해와 공법 적용을 통해 집을 짓기 위한 기술 보급 개념의 교육이 아닌 기술적으로 깊이 있는 교육이 가능해 질 것이다. 향 후 교육프로그램을 경험한 교육생의 평가에 의해 교육 내용을 수정‧보완해야 할 것이며, 현장시험법으로서 교육프로그램의 문제점 분석을 통해 더 구체적으로 체계화 하는 연구도 함께 진행되어야 할 것 이다.
<석사학위논문>
흙건축 재료 및 공법 이해를 위한 교육프로그램 개발
A development of educational program for understanding of earth architecture materials and method
저자: 이예진
발행: 목포대학교 대학원 건축학과
발행년도: 2015년 2월
목차
ABSTRACT
제1장 서 론 ·····································································································1
제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 ··········································································1
제2절 연구의 방법 및 절차 ············································································3
제2장 이론적 고찰 ·····························································································5
제1절 카라자스 실험 ······················································································5
제2절 개선점 분석 및 방향설정 ··································································8
1.개선점 분석 ···························································································8
2.방향설정 ·································································································9
3.흙재료와 최밀충전 ·············································································11
4.흙건축 5대공법 ···················································································13
제3장 재료 및 공법 이해를 위한 교육프로그램 개발·······························15
제1절 개요 및 구성 ······················································································15
제2절 기본이해 단계 ··················································································16
1.시각적 방법 ·························································································16
(1)다양한 크기의 입자를 이용한 공극 채움·····································16
(2)자갈에 모래를 채우는 과정을 통한 공극 채움···························17
(3)공극 채움을 통한 부피감소·····························································17
(4)물에 의한 모래 입자의 응집···························································18
2.정량적 방법 ·························································································20
(1)입자간격에 의한 인발력 시험·························································20
(2)보강재 첨가에 따른 강도 증진 시험·············································21
제3절 적용단계 ····························································································23
1.재료부분 ·······························································································23
(1)최밀충전 시험·····················································································23
2.공법부분 ·······························································································26
(1)낙하시험·······························································································26
(2)5대공법 시험·······················································································28
제4장 적용 및 분석 ··························································································33
제1절 개요 및 구성 ······················································································33
제2절 기본이해 단계 ····················································································35
1.적용 ·······································································································35
2.분석 ·······································································································36
제3절 적용 단계 ····························································································37
1.재료부분 -최밀충전 시험 ·······························································37
(1)1차 적용 (2012년 8월 여름 워크숍)··········································37
(2)2차 적용 (2013년 8월 흙집 짓기 과정2)····································39
(3)3차 적용 (2014년 8월 여름 워크숍)············································42
2.공법부분 -5대공법 시험 ·································································45
(1)1차 적용 (2012년 8월 여름 워크숍)··········································45
(2)2차 적용 (2013년 5월 흙집 짓기 과정1)····································50
(3)3차 적용 (2014년 8월 여름 워크숍)············································55
제4절 제안 ······································································································61
1.기본이해 단계 ·····················································································61
2.적용 단계 ·····························································································62
제5장 결 론 ····································································································64
참고문헌 ··············································································································67
국문초록 ··············································································································68
<국문초록>
스스로 흙을 사용하여 집을 지어보려는 시도들이 증가하면서 흙건축을 전문적으로 배우고자하는 사람들을 위해, 단순히 흙집을 짓기 위한 기술보급으로서의 교육이 아닌 흙을 정확히 이해하고 적용할 수 있는 흙건축 교육 프로그램이 필요하였다. 이를 위해 기존 교육프로그램인 카라자스 실험을 연구하여 개선사항을 분석하였다. 이에 흙 재료 이해가 가능하고,공법에 적용할 수 있는 새로운 교육프로그램을 개발하고자 한다.
흙건축 재료 및 공법 이해 교육프로그램은 기본이해 단계와 적용단계로 나누어 구성하였다. 이를 (사)한국흙건축연구회와 유네스코 석좌프로그램 한국흙건 축학교에서 진행하는 교육에 적용한 후 문제점을 분석하여 수정‧보완하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 흙건축 재료 및 공법을 이해할 수 있는 교육프로그램 을 제안하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다.
기존에 진행된 카라자스 실험은 흙의 재료적 특성 및 물성을 확인할 수 있는 전문화된 통합교육프로그램으로 일반인이 이해하기에는 어려움이 있었다. 이에 재료 및 공법을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 기본이해 단계와 적용단계로 나누어 교육내용을 분리하였다. 기본이해 단계는 시각적 방법과 정량적 방법으로 분류하여 구성하였으며, 흙의 재료적 특성인 최밀충전의 원리를 감각적으로 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 하였다.
적용단계는 재료부분과 공법부분으로 나누어 구성하였다. 재료부분은 최밀충전시험을 통해 흙과 모래를 혼합하였을 때 가장 무거운 무게의 배합을 찾는 방법으로 흙의 최적배합을 찾을 수 있도록 하였다.
공법부분은 낙하시험과 5대공법 시험을 통해 각 공법의 적정함수량을 찾고, 공법에 맞는 적절한 시공법으로 교육생 스스로 시험체를 제작하였다. 이에 5대 공법을 익히고,스스로 현장에 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 5대공법 시험은 기본시공법을 정확히 익히고 숙지할 수 있는 기본형과 다양한 공법을 경험해볼 수 있는 확장형으로 제안하였다. 이에 교육의 성격이나 교육생의 요구에 맞게 프로그램을 가변적으로 진행할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 실험을 통해 흙 집을 지을 때 필요한 균열방지법, 강도 발현법, 물에 대한 저항성을 높이는 방법을 교육함으로써 교육생의 현장적용능력 향상이 기대된다.
본 연구를 통해 흙집을 짓고자 하는 사람들이 흙 재료 특성을 정확히 이해하고, 이를 흙건축 5대공법에 적용함으로써 스스로 흙건축의 다양한 표현법을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 또한 흙 재료에 대한 올바른 이해와 공법 적용을 통해 집을 짓기 위한 기술 보급 개념의 교육이 아닌 기술적으로 깊이 있는 교육이 가능해 질 것이다. 향 후 교육프로그램을 경험한 교육생의 평가에 의해 교육 내용을 수정‧보완해야 할 것이며, 현장시험법으로서 교육프로그램의 문제점 분석을 통해 더 구체적으로 체계화 하는 연구도 함께 진행되어야 할 것 이다.